Human Resource Strategies Of Fashion - 1663 Words

According to Webster (2013) in the early years Flinders Lane and Surry Hills situated in Melbourne and Sydney were the two key locations that where the heart and soul of Australia’s fashion industry thrived. Later on the 20’s the industry has grown across suburbs, designer as well as brands has spread across Australia. However, Australian fashion retailer is in a challenging position, it has become a global shift in the last few years, with 15 percent of the world’s top 250 retailers has already set up stores in Australia (Heffernan, 2015). In this essay an attempt will be made to discuss the statement mentioned above and its implications on David Jones fashion retail business. Firstly, one of Australia’s top fashion retail stores, David Jones, will be discussed along with their failures Secondly, how Human Resources have an impact in fashion retails and the impact of external environment changes in the retail industry with be evaluated. Following by this discussion, human resource strategies of fashion retail international brand will be explained. Lastly, strategies that David Jones can implement will be mentioned. Finally the conclusion will be presented with implications. David Jones is known as the oldest retail store in Australia and is still maintaining under its actual name. This fashion retail brand aims make a significant experience for customers by making the store are informed as well as containing modern technology. It is evident that its target audience of DavidShow MoreRelatedZara Case Study : The Resource Based View1588 Words   |  7 PagesZARA Case Study Introduction The case study is upon on the resource based view. First, the firm resources were divided into three major parts: tangible resource, intangible resource and human resource as Grant suggested. The main body of the essay will also be divided into three parts according to the resource classification. Then, a VRIN test would be carried after listing different types of resources to inspect whether they are able to provide a sustainable competitive advantage for Zara. FinallyRead MoreLeading Online Fashion Retail Store1337 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisation as Asos.com, which is the UK s leading online fashion retail store. Asos.com aims to be the number one online fashion destination for twenty- something who love fashion. ASOS offers 50,000 product lines under its own label and third party brands, covering women-swear, menswear, footwear, accessories, jewellery and beauty product distribute to customer in over 190 countries from its central distribution centre in the UK. Aimed at fashion forward twenty-somethings, ASOS attracts over 17.5 millionRead MoreAnalysis of the Fashion Industry1301 Words   |  6 PagesFashion is one of the world’s most important creative industries. It has provided economic thought with a canonical example in theorizing about consumption and conformity. Social thinkers have long treated fashion as a window upon social class and social change. Cultural theorists have focused on fashion to reflect on symbolic meaning and social ideals. Fashion has also been seen to embody representative characteristics of modernity, and even of culture itself. Everyone wears clothing and inevitablyRead MoreThe Role Of Human Resource Management And The Strategy Process1462 Words   |  6 Pagespaper will review the rol e of human resource management (HRM) in the strategy process. This will include the function of recruitment and training programs in HRM, the concept of strategic fit and how human resource management can lead to a competitive advantage. Also I will look at compensation and benefits, relevance to my workplace, and my personal reflection. The manner in which an organization’s personnel are managed has a tangible influence on the productivity of the employees, whichRead MoreAn Effective Human Resource Management Department960 Words   |  4 Pagesthe direct link to all the various operations that make up our company, Human Resources management is vital to our current and future success. For us to prosper and satisfy our customers, Forever 21 must have an effective Human Resource Management department, one that can provide proper knowledge, necessary tools, and effective advice to guide employees and administrators towards successful operation (Heathfield â€Å"What is Human†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Since our debut, we’ve been continuously profitable. However, our downsideRead MoreZara and Reiss Comaparison Essay example1091 Words   |  5 Pagesmore research on the internet i have come to notice both ZARA and REISS are a growing profitable companies. When looking at REISS THE BRAND: Reiss a retailer of â€Å"own brand† quality fashion menswear and womenswear that established itself in London in 1970. The brand has become reorganized as a progressive, fashion-led retail company. Designing and producing own –label ranges it offers an aspirational look at affordable prices When looking at REISS THE STORE: All the retailing shops of Reiss areRead MoreHuman Resources : An Organization1424 Words   |  6 PagesHUMAN RESOURCES: THEORETICAL – Human Resources include all the actions to recruit the right workers for the business and train them for the job. In the human resources department they work out what level of skills are needed by the workers and how many workers are needed for business. They have to create a positive working environment for the workers to insure that the workers are happy and working well to achieve the business’ goals. They also deal with the conditions of employment and the workers’Read MoreCase Study : Zaras Success1299 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus is on efficiency and effectiveness of such a process (slack et al, 2010). This is an essay on Zara (a fashion retailer) and how its approach to operation management makes it a successful company. OVERVIEW OF ZARA Zara employs one of the greatest and most successful operations strategy in the retail industry is the strategy employed by Zara. Zara being the flagship brand of a Spanish fashion retail giant, Inditex, (Industrias de Deseno Texti S.A.), was founded in 1975 and is engaged in designingRead MoreSupply Chain Management For Fast Fashion Industry1623 Words   |  7 PagesA study in sustainable conscious collection in the supply chain process in the fast fashion segment of fashion industry; a case study based approach focusing on HM and its main competitors. Abstract In recent years, the rapid changes in the fast fashion industry, a highly concerned about environmental issues as well as the sustainability for the company. Thus, it is a big challenge for the company s global operations to think about how to use the market intelligence, sensitive response and do moreRead MoreZara Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesrelatively globalized, particularly the fashion segment. Apparel retailing chains from Europe had been the most successful at cross-border expansion, although the U.S. market remained a major challenge. The above is in stark contrast to Zaras model which simply put is based on a vertically integrated demand and supply chain, while most other textile chains rely more on outsourcing and cheap labour. Zara studies its customers demand in the stores, through fashion shows of others, its own trend spotters

The Invention Of Printing Press - 3662 Words

Invention of printing press has brought benefits to the world. However, it had a different meaning to an individual; for someone, it became the source to spread their ideas, and for others, a source for collecting new ideas. Menocchio is a peasant farmer born in the 16th century in Italy. He was a peasant farmer who had some reading skills. He was a miller who owned his mill, so he managed to make a little extra to spend money on printed books. Based on his reading, he developed an idea that the world was created out of a cheese and God was a worm which came out of the cheese. In the end, he was considered as a heresiarch, and was executed. Martin Luther is also from a peasant class, but due to the success in his father’s mining business, he managed to educate him. When he became a priest, the Christian church was selling indulgence. This caused him to post the 95 theses, an article accusing the Christian church. Martin Luther and Menocchio has many similarities because they a re both from a not so poor peasant class, and they also had education-but of course, Martin Luther had a higher education since he even went to a university-and they also lived among the early modern ages.But, if they had so much similarities, why was Menocchio considered as a heresiarch while Martin Luther was considered as a religious revolution in the christian church? I believe that the reason why two person from similar class had different consequence is due to their use of the printingShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Printing Press948 Words   |  4 PagesIf we examine, by quantifiable evaluations focusing on printing production and the distribution of associated technology and scrutinized by the characterization of the extensive expanse of knowledge and ideas across Europe we will discover the invention of the printing press. A result of progress, among a number of allied industries, papermaking and goldsmithing were principal players. The thin paper-like material made from the pith of the papyrus plant was one of the most common writing papers duringRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press1633 Words   |  7 PagesHistorian David Ramsay stated, In establishing American independence†¦ the pen and the press had merit equal to that of the sword (Slaughter 9). When historians analyze the past they often use primary sources such as printed media, journals, letters and various notarized documents. Printed documents are a timeless form of communication with an immeasurable influenced, capable of reaching masses. How has print evolve into this powerful tool of influence and communication in America? To answer theRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press1413 Words   |  6 Pages The printing press was essentially invented by Johannes Gutenberg enabling mass productions of books and the spread of rapid knowledge throughout Europe. This invention became a great industry in Britain. The printing press became a popular industry in the mid-19th century as the second industrial revolution commenced a communication revolution. There were several factors that made printing press very popular and substantial such as during wars where there was more of an urgency to strive for newsRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press861 Words   |  4 PagesThe printing press invented by German goldsmith Johann Gutenberg in 1448 has been called one of the most important inventions in the history of humankind. When compared to the standard printing methods of the day, the printing press revolutionized how mass quantities of books were printed. The enlightenment in Europe and America were greatly affected by its invention. From its beginnings in 1448 the printer has evolved into today s modern laser jet printers. One printer that most people don t thinkRead MoreThe Invention Of Printing Press1284 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant machines during the modern period: the printing press. The printing press was inspired by earlier uses found in China and Japan as early as the 7th century. In this time the way to print was using the method of block printing, which was a piece of wood used to print a specific piece of text. (â€Å"Patterns for†) With the Gutenberg invention the revolution had begun. It advanced the process of movable type further, and started a new era of printing called typography. The typography allowed informationRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe invention of the printing press was a great influence on Renaissance culture and literature. Its inventor, Johannes Gutenberg said himself â€Å"like a star it shall scatter the darkness of ignorance and cause a light herefore unknown to shine amongst men† (Gutenberg, n.d.). By creating the market for the printed word, he paved the way for literature in the Renaissance. Gutenberg’s printing press single-handedly revolutionized the way stories were shared. He took the power of the word away fromRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press932 Words   |  4 PagesThe printing press, a simple invention compared to the technology we have today, however, it was a huge stepping stone to getting to the technology today. The printing press represents the spread of information and knowledge. There were two major effects of the printing press. These two effects were the exploration of the Americas and the Protestant Reformation. Exploration was Colombus and his explorers â€Å"discovering† America. The printing press had great influence on these events. The ProtestantRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press1214 Words   |  5 PagesYou can t stop people from printing what they want to print. -Alan Sugar The Printing Press, a 15th century invention, allowed scholars to print and distribute their work throughout Europe. Church authority denounced the spread of scientific ideas encouraged by the invention of the printing press. They banned scientific works, like Galileo’s Sidereus Nuncius, as academics published their research. Roman Catholic Church authority advocated for biblical ideas, which opposed scientific studies likeRead MoreGutenberg Invention Of The Printing Press1366 Words   |  6 Pageswas one invention that really made an impact? Some say electricity or medication some might even say technology. One invention that altered the world was Gutenberg’s invention the printing press. The printing press has made a huge impact back in the 1450s. It allowed many nations to go from writing in scripts to books. Also it was an other way for information to be shared with surrounding countries. The printing press expanded communication,knowledge and also exploration. Th e printing press help withRead MoreThe Invention Of Printing Press1345 Words   |  6 PagesSince the beginning of typography people were always looking to create it in a faster more effective way. The printing press was then created to do just that, it made it possible to mass produce designs and newspapers with a lot text. But during that time there weren t that many styles of typefaces and since then the typefaces have changed, kind of. The typefaces used when they were press was first made are still used today. Are hand crafted fonts more successful than the sans serif modern typefaces

Reports of Pathological Gambling System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Reports of Pathological Gambling System. Answer: Introduction In the present paper, an article review has been conducted to analyze the findings and the research methods, used in the paper. The primary aim of the article review is to summarize the findings of the article rather than reporting new facts or analysis. The review article is written for the audience, who are knowledgeable of the subject area. It means that the article is not meant for the general audience. It summarizes the main ideas, shows the arguments, position of the author and the contribution of the author to the research field. In this essence, the article, compulsive buying: the role of earlier-in-life events and experiences is taken for the review. Thus research article sheds light on the compulsive behavior of the buyers, while making the purchase decisions. The article has been written by Grougiou, Moschis and Kapoutsis (2015) and published in the Journal of Consumer Marketing. The research article is based on the primary findings, based on the survey administrated in Gr eece. The article has discussed the phenomenon of compulsive consumer behavior on the purchase decision of the consumers. The demonstration of compulsive behavior is a psychological issue, which can occur due to some kind of trauma. This habit can cause serious negative impact on the psychological, social and financial terms. It can be stated that the recent economic crisis. In 2008 has been the effect of consumerism and irrational spending. As a result, the government agencies and the public entities are urging their citizens to control their expenses and thoughtfully used the easily available credit. These actions will not only protect the consumers, but also protect the market from the high credit financial risk. Therefore, it is important that the government and the scholars understand the mechanism and the situations, which promote compulsive behavior in the society. These factors can protect the society from the personal and the social cause. There are several studies, which states that the compulsive purchase behavior is linked with the demographic and psychological factors of the people. The compulsive purchase behavior is demonstrated by the people, who glorify the consumption of the luxury products. These people have lack of self-control, have an orientation towards material goods and are concerned about their social status. They have low self-esteem and issues in money management problem (Joireman, Kees, Sprott, 2010). The literature has highlighted that a large number of women falls under this category. Several studies have been conducted regarding the issues and the consequences of the compulsive behavior in humans. There is consensus that there are several dire consequences of excessive and undesirable maladaptive behavior. However, there is still very less knowledge about the situations, which onset the development of such personality traits in the human behavior. There have been studies, which have suggested that compulsive behavior, may not rise from any traumatic behavior from the past; however, it can be a result of biological and social behavior. Other than that, the critical life events can impact the human purchase behavior. These events are encountered at certain point at adolescent life. These life events can impact in the personal consumer behavior. It is human psychology, that when an individual encounter certain situation, he responds and adapts to it. This adaptation encompasses different activities for controlling and coping stress arisen from the issue. In the human psychological behavior, it is stated that there are certain life events, which creates stressful impacts. Men take different strategies to cope with these issues. The underlying phases of all of these life events are socialization development or decline of the growth. All these changes can be categorized in three widely accepted lie events, namely, stress perspective, normative perspective and human capital perspective. The stress perspective of psychology states that there are certain life events, which can create stressful psychological imbalance for the employees. Different individuals use different stress coping strategies to handle emotional turbulence (Roberts Jones, 2001). Initially, these efforts to reduce the negative emotions are high in magnitude; however, gradually, they develop into a condition of unique behavioral and attitude orientation. These changes become a part of the personality and might lead to orientations with compulsive buying disorder. The stressful events have a severe negative impact on the emotional well-being of the children. It results in different feelings insecurity, tension and low self-esteem. It results in obsessive and compulsive activities so that the individual can cope up with the psychological discomfort. Most common compulsive behavior, as a result of stressful events are shopping and overeating (Billieux, Rochat,Rebetez Van der Linden, 2008). When these stressful events are endured over a specific time, they result in compulsive and uncontrollable buying habits. The children in single-parent families also suffer from compulsive shopping disorder as their parents use coercive techniques to exercise a high level of control over the behavior of the children. Some parenting styles have a negative impact on the emotional security and the self-esteem of the people. It increases the probability of using social interaction to handle the stressful events in the life. In the adolescent age, peers and friends provide a relieving environment so that the individual can forget the family issues. The normative is another perspective to handle the stressful events. It states that the young or adolescent individuals acquire socially desirable norms and behavior and use them to socialize with others. Different age groups have different sub-cultures and their behavior reflect their age group. Adolescent people rely on their peers, which is a result of immaturity. Due to this immaturity, the adolescents take risks to garner attention of their peers and seek their attention through different means. The adolescents with sexually active peers exhibit the same behavior, in contrast to the adolescents with sexually inactive peers do not show such activities. Therefore, this theory is proven as the peers have a strong impact on the behavior of the individuals (Shaffer, LaPlante, LaBrie, Kidman, Donato, Stanton, 2004). The deviant consumer behavior of an adolescent can be adopted through compulsive buying behavior. The social control theory states that the parental supervision is important in establishing a proper behavior and attitude in children. The lack of supervision and monitoring can result in compulsive behavior. Parental supervision and monitoring is important in inculcating desirable norms in the children. The stressful life events increase the interactions with the peers and it might impact on the consumption pattern of the people. The normative perspective states that the young people can acquire socially desirable norms and skills from different social agents, including parents, teachers and peers. The adolescents acquire the social behavior from their friends and peers. The value and the behavior of the adolescents is completely is affected by the family disruption and the family bonding. Lack of supervision and support from the parents can affect the shopping habits of the people (Joireman, J., Kees, J., Sprott, 2010). Family disruptions directly impact on the behavior of children. The family communication style also impacts on the behavior and compulsive behavior of the children. The family communication can be categorized into concept-oriented and socio-oriented communication style. The concept-oriented family communication promotes self-independence and expression. Other than that, socio-oriented family communication promotes obedience and respect for the senior people (Black, 2007). In the disturbed families, the parents display less affection and try to control the activities of their children. They force obedience to their statements by adopting harsh disciplinary measures. The literature also highlights that when the adolescents and the teenagers are not provided with adequate emotional support, they are not able to disclose their feelings and emotions to the society. It means that if the emotional support is not obtained from the family, the interactions with the peers and friends can elevate the social interaction. The human capital refers to different skills and resources, which determine the future lifestyle and income of the people. There are certain factors in macro-level and micro-level, which impacts the behavior and lifestyle of the people. These factors are nested with each other and influence the growth and development of the children (Moore, Glenmullen Mattison, 2014). The human capital theories state that there are certain outcomes of the maladaptive or deviant behavior which can impact the future life of the adolescents. The human-capital perspective states, that certain changes in the socio-economic status of the family can severely impact the emotional well-being of the employees. It includes the death of a parent or divorce. It means that the family structure has a direct impact on the human behavior. The economic deprivation and the issues in the family structure have a negative impact on the development of the childrens competencies. The children in intact families are embedded in the social structure; therefore, the children have more opportunity to grow within the organization. It impairs the socialization process of the children, which deters the development of the normal behavior (Hodgson, Budd Griffiths, 2001). This type of behavior leads to the development of compulsive buying approaches. The children grown in lower social and economic status families have a little self-esteem and constantly seek acceptance from their peers. The communication styles impact on the human capital development of the children. It results in maladaptive and deviant behavior among the children. The compulsive buying behavior is associated with socio-oriented family communication. In the present research, the methodology of survey is taken. In this research, adolescence behavior and the impact of various social actors such as biological, emotional and sociological factors on the purchase behavior has been evaluated. The adolescence is the period, in which the individual first demonstrates the sign of compulsive behavior. A survey has been conducted with 285 graduate students from the Greek Universities. The findings of the research have shed light on the impact of various influences on the compulsive shopping behavior of the adolescents. The study has drawn the conclusion from different theoretical perspectives, which includes psychology, sociology and consumer behavior theories. Most of the studies have stated that stress is the major factor, which impacts on the compulsive behavior of the adolescents(Grougiou, Moschis Kapoutsis, 2015). The literature also discusses other major factors such as impact of family disruptions, peer groups and family communicatio n style, which foster compulsive purchase tendencies. In the present paper, an article review has been conducted. The journal article taken for the study is based on the primary findings and takes the support of various scholarly articles. The aim of the research is to identify the factors, which leads to the compulsive behavior among the young adults. It has been identified that various factors, along with stress contribute to the development of compulsive purchase behavior. These factors are disturbances in the family life, family structure and family communication style. It also states that the youth from the low social or economic status families try to seek approval from their peers and try to adopt their habits. It is a coping strategy, which tries to improve the self-image of the people and try to avoid the further victimization of the family. The article further states that if the adolescents have reliance on their peers, they have high probability to adopt compulsive purchase behavior. Furthermore, the article also states that disruptions in the family results in emotionally deprived children as they avoid social communication in an effort to avoid embarrassment in the social events. This phenomenon is not perceived in upper status families, as they provide all the facilities such as social skills, contacts and information through which they can explore ore opportunities. References Grougiou, V., Moschis, G., Kapoutsis, I. (2015). Compulsive buying: the role of earlier-in-life events and experiences.Journal of Consumer Marketing,32(4), 278-289. Hodgson, R. J., Budd, R., Griffiths, M. (2001). Compulsive behaviours. InContemporary psychiatry(pp. 2053-2064). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Moore, T. J., Glenmullen, J., Mattison, D. R. (2014). Reports of pathological gambling, hypersexuality, and compulsive shopping associated with dopamine receptor agonist drugs.JAMA internal medicine,174(12), 1930-1933. Black, D. W. (2007). A review of compulsive buying disorder.World Psychiatry,6(1), 14. Shaffer, H. J., LaPlante, D. A., LaBrie, R. A., Kidman, R. C., Donato, A. N., Stanton, M. V. (2004). Toward a syndrome model of addiction: Multiple expressions, common etiology.Harvard review of psychiatry,12(6), 367-374. Billieux, J., Rochat, L., Rebetez, M. M. L., Van der Linden, M. (2008). Are all facets of impulsivity related to self-reported compulsive buying behavior?.Personality and Individual Differences,44(6), 1432-1442. Roberts, J. A., Jones, E. (2001). Money attitudes, credit card use, and compulsive buying among American college students.Journal of consumer affairs,35(2), 213-240. Joireman, J., Kees, J., Sprott, D. (2010). Concern with immediate consequences magnifies the impact of compulsive buying tendencies on college students' credit card debt.Journal of Consumer Affairs,44(1), 155-178. Phau, I., Woo, C. (2008). Understanding compulsive buying tendencies among young Australians: The roles of money attitude and credit card usage.Marketing Intelligence Planning,26(5), 441-458. Billieux, J., Rochat, L., Rebetez, M. M. L., Van der Linden, M. (2008). Are all facets of impulsivity related to self-reported compulsive buying behavior?.Personality and Individual Differences,44(6), 1432-1442.

Utilitarianism Death Penalty

Introduction The death penalty is arguably the most controversial legal punishment imposed by the Criminal Justice System of our country. This form of punishment stands out from the rest due to its harshness and severity. There is general agreement that capital punishment is the most severe punishment that a judge can give an offender.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarianism: Death Penalty – View on Capital Punishment Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the perceived severity of the death penalty, there has been intense controversy surrounding the issue. Opponents of the death penalty declare that it is barbaric and inhumane hence the government should do away with it. On the other hand, its supporters maintain that the death penalty is a necessary form of punishment that should be used on the most vicious offenders in society. The highly polarized debate on the death penalty has continued to exist for decades. Ethical theories can be used to come up with a solution to this highly controversial issue. Ethics determine what is the right course of action in a given situation. A number of solid ethical theories have been proposed by scholars and philosophers over the years. This paper will make use of one of the most widely applied ethical theories, which is utilitarianism, to demonstrate that the death penalty is indeed justified. Overview of the Utilitarian Theory Utilitarianism is a popular and widely applied ethical theory that was first proposed by John Stuart Mill. According to this theory, the moral nature of an action can be deduced by calculating its net utility. According to the utilitarian, an ethical action is one that â€Å"maximizes the happiness for the largest number of people†. Actions are viewed as having either benefits or negative consequences. Individuals should act in a manner that increases the benefits since if the consequences outweigh th e benefits, the action will be considered unethical. From a utilitarian perspective, actions that promote the happiness of the majority in society should be pursued while those that deter this happiness should be avoided. The utilitarian theory can be applied to the issue of capital punishment since this form of punishment produces both positive and negative consequences. Analysis using the Utilitarian Approach Net Benefits The first major benefit offered by the death penalty is that it plays a significant deterrence role. The most important goal of the criminal justice system is to discourage people from engaging in crime. This is achieved by attaching punishments to crimes so that a person perceives the merits of engaging in illegal actions as being outweighed by the consequences. As such, an ideal society would be one where no one is punished since the threat of punishment keeps everyone from engaging in crime. The death penalty is the most severe punishment and its availability is likely to deter people who might not be scared by long prison sentences.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research indicates that there is a negative relationship between executions and murder incidents thereby suggesting that the death penalty plays a deterrence role (Kirchgassner 448). From a utilitarian perspective, the deterrence role is ethical since it contributes to the overall happiness of the society. When criminals are deterred from engaging in crime, the society is safer and people enjoy the peace and security in their communities. Another significant benefit offered by the death penalty to the society is that it leads to the permanent incapacitation of the convicted person. Unlike other forms of punishment which only restrict some of the freedoms of the offender, the death penalty takes away his life. Once the convicted person is executed, the community can be assured that he/she will never commit another vicious crime against the society members (Sunstein and Vermeule 848). While other forms of punishment such as life imprisonment also have an incapacitation effect, this effect is not as definite. A person who has been imprisoned for life can still engage in vicious crimes against his fellow inmates or even the prison guards. The probability of recidivist murder is removed by implementing the death penalty. From a utilitarian point of view, this benefit is significant since it completely safeguards the society from future offences from a convict. The community’s peace of mind is also ensured since the death penalty permanently gets rid of vicious criminals, ensuring that they are not able to reenter society. The death penalty leads to a sense of justice for the individuals affected by the crime perpetrated by the convicted person. As has been highlighted, the death penalty is only given to individuals who have engaged in vicious crimes s uch as violent murder. When a person commits a violent murder, he causes significant emotional distress to the family and friends of the victim (Stambaugh and Gary 1). This pain and suffering can be alleviated if the convicted person is given a punishment that fits his crime. Without the death penalty, the convicted person is given a long prison sentence. This might expose the family of the victims to future emotional suffering as they might be required to attend parole hearings for the convict. The death penalty provides maximum retribution and therefore gives peace to the family and friends of the victim. The final benefit of the death penalty is that it gives the judge the ability to provide adequate retribution for any crime. For justice to be served, it is necessary for the severity of the punishment to equal the crime committed. If the punishment is regarded as lenient, then there will be a sense of injustice by society members.Advertising We will write a custom essay sam ple on Utilitarianism: Death Penalty – View on Capital Punishment Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are crimes that cannot be punished satisfactorily without the death penalty. Without the death penalty, people found guilty of these crimes would be given the maximum life imprisonment sentence. This would create a sense of injustice therefore decreasing the credibility of the justice system. This might cause people to engage in extrajudicial killings (Steiker and Jordan 649). A utilitarian approach would support a punishment that leads to a sense of justice and hence increases the credibility of the justice system. Capital punishment fulfils this role and leads to the perception of justice therefore preventing the breakdown in law and order that might occur if people seek out their own justice. Consequences A significant consequence of the death penalty is that is has a high fiscal cost compared to the alternatives. T he taxpayers have to shoulder the financial burden associated with implementing the death penalty. Traditionally, the death penalty was considered to be a cheaper method of punishing convicts compared to the alternative, which is a longer prison term. However, this has changed as procedures that are more stringent have been put in place when dealing with capital cases. Instead of tackling these cases as other criminal cases, the prosecutor and defender are required to be thorough and make use of expert witnesses. Once the judgment has been passed, the offender can engage in numerous appeals making the case last for many years. While it is possible to reduce the costs associated with capital punishment, such a move would require neglecting some of the procedural safeguards put in place to ensure that the risk of wrongful conviction is reduced to the minimal. From a utilitarian perspective, the huge financial cost is a negative consequence to the society. Opponents of capital punishme nt point out that the society would benefit more if the money currently used to sustain the death penalty was used for other pursuits such as building rehabilitation centers or increasing the police force in order to deter crime in the community (Dieter par.15). Another major consequence of the death penalty is that it might lead to a miscarriage of justice. If this happens, an innocent person can be put to death by the criminal justice system. While miscarriages of justice occur even in non-capital cases, there is the hope that the innocent person can be exonerated in the future through appeals. However, the death penalty is final and once the sentence has been carried out, there is no chance for the innocent person to challenge the wrongful conviction and attain his freedom. Aronson and Cole reveal that the danger of wrongful conviction remains to be the most dominant issue in capital punishment discussions (604).Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This situation can lead to a crisis of confidence in capital punishment since killing an innocent person is unacceptable. To a utilitarian, the wrongful killing of an innocent person is a great loss to the society since he can no longer make a positive contribution to his society. In addition to this, wrongful execution might lead to emotional distress by the people who were involved in the trial. It therefore has a negative impact and reduces the happiness of the society. Ethical Analysis To determine the ethical nature of an action using utilitarianism, one must weigh the benefits against the consequences. In this case, the benefits of the death penalty include deterrence, incapacitation, retribution, and the preservation of law and order. On the other hand, the consequences include high fiscal cost and a potential loss of innocent lives. As can be seen, the benefits of implementing the death penalty outweigh the consequences. It can therefore be asserted that the death penalty is ethical from a utilitarian perspective since it has a net beneficial effect, which leads to the maximization of the happiness of the greatest amount of people. Conclusion This paper set out to demonstrate the ethical nature of the death penalty using the utilitarian theory. It began by acknowledging that the death penalty issue is highly controversial and people are divided in their opinions concerning its usefulness. The paper then demonstrated how the utilitarian theory, which seeks to maximize the happiness of the majority, could be used to ascertain the ethical nature of capital punishment. It has shown that the death penalty has major advantages to society including deterrence, incapacitation, and an increase in the credibility of the criminal justice system. However, the death penalty also has major consequences since it is costly to the citizen and it might lead to wrongful executions. However, the benefits are more prominent and when implemented, the death penalty reaffirms the value of observing the law, thus creating a safer society for all citizens. From the arguments provided in this paper, it is clear that the death penalty has the most favorable results for the majority in society. This punishment should therefore be implemented more often in our country since it is ethically sound and leads to overall benefits to the society. Works Cited Aronson, Jay and Cole Simon. â€Å"Science and the Death Penalty: DNA, Innocence, and the Debate over Capital Punishment in the United States.† Law Social Inquiry 34.3 (2009): 603-633. Print. Dieter, Richard. â€Å"Capital Punishment Is Too Expensive to Retain.† Death Penalty Information Center 21.2 (2009): 1-2. Web. Kirchgassner, Gebhard. â€Å"Econometric Estimates of Deterrence of the Death Penalty: Facts or Ideology?† Kyklos 64.3(2011): 448-478. Web. Stambaugh, Irl, and Gary Stam. â€Å"Death Penalty Would End Punishment of Victim’s Family.† Anchorage Daily News, 7 Mar. 2 009. Web. Steiker, Carol and Jordan Morris. Capital Punishment: A Century of Discontinuous Debate. Journal of Criminal Law Criminology, 100.3 (2010): 643-689. Print. Sunstein, Cass and Vermeule Adrian. â€Å"Deterring Murder: A Reply.† Stanford Law Review 58.1 (2005): 847–857. Web. This essay on Utilitarianism: Death Penalty - View on Capital Punishment was written and submitted by user Yaretzi Reyes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Why Special Education Teachers Must Know Direct Instruction.

Abstract The goals of Direct Instruction are explicit in the method design. The concepts of appropriate use of material, placement of children and its operation and implementing techniques make up the system that has proven to be an effective instructing instrument. For the purpose of this paper I am going to focus on the fist two and how it is critical in the design of this approach. Direct Instruction has also proven to be effective with teaching special needs students. It is intuitive to think that the goal of teachers should be to teach in the most effective manner. Direct Instruction is a way of doing this. Knowing its principles and having assurance in what it does is a must for all special educators as research has proved in time and time again. Why Special Education Teachers Must Teach Direct Instruction Direct Instruction (DI) is a methodical manner of providing instruction. The underlying philosophy of Direct Instruction is that student learning is ultimately the responsibility of the teacher. The systematic approach of Direct Instruction includes the idea that the design in which information is organized is the most critical aspect of student learning. The various components of direct instruction cooperate to make up this systematic design. One component, appropriate use of material, ensures that concepts are delivered clearly and concisely. Upon mastery of fundamental concepts more challenging ideas can thus be added which is then considered learning (Engelmann, 1997). Acceleration evolves from the ability to learn or master material. As acceleration implies, you are able to move from one concept to another but in less time than it took when you were initially mastering material. It is important to note that mastery of information has to occur or acceleration will not take place. Another critical aspect of Direct Instruction is the placement of children. This ensures that students are learni... Free Essays on Why Special Education Teachers Must Know Direct Instruction. Free Essays on Why Special Education Teachers Must Know Direct Instruction. Abstract The goals of Direct Instruction are explicit in the method design. The concepts of appropriate use of material, placement of children and its operation and implementing techniques make up the system that has proven to be an effective instructing instrument. For the purpose of this paper I am going to focus on the fist two and how it is critical in the design of this approach. Direct Instruction has also proven to be effective with teaching special needs students. It is intuitive to think that the goal of teachers should be to teach in the most effective manner. Direct Instruction is a way of doing this. Knowing its principles and having assurance in what it does is a must for all special educators as research has proved in time and time again. Why Special Education Teachers Must Teach Direct Instruction Direct Instruction (DI) is a methodical manner of providing instruction. The underlying philosophy of Direct Instruction is that student learning is ultimately the responsibility of the teacher. The systematic approach of Direct Instruction includes the idea that the design in which information is organized is the most critical aspect of student learning. The various components of direct instruction cooperate to make up this systematic design. One component, appropriate use of material, ensures that concepts are delivered clearly and concisely. Upon mastery of fundamental concepts more challenging ideas can thus be added which is then considered learning (Engelmann, 1997). Acceleration evolves from the ability to learn or master material. As acceleration implies, you are able to move from one concept to another but in less time than it took when you were initially mastering material. It is important to note that mastery of information has to occur or acceleration will not take place. Another critical aspect of Direct Instruction is the placement of children. This ensures that students are learni...

Supplementing Your Income with Writing

Supplementing Your Income with Writing So you’re a published author and you love it! But there’s too much time between contract and publication, advance (if you receive one), and royalties (if you even earn out that advance). How can you supplement your income? Maybe you’re not a freelance writer but would love to be one, or perhaps you’ve written for fun not realizing you could supplement your regular income Here are a few ideas. . . Take a freelance writing course. There are free, paid and college courses. Institute for Writers (formerly Longridge Writers Group) offers courses on writing for children and breaking into print. Sign up for newsletters and follow blogs that share information on writing gigs. FundsforWriters, Freedom with Writing, and Mallee Blue Media are great resources. Write short stories. Markets like Woman’s World Magazine pay top dollars for short romance and mysteries. They also pay for short true life pieces. True Story and True Confessions are other avenues to earn a few bucks. Write nonfiction. Chicken Soup for the Soul and other such publications are always looking for great nonfiction stories. The pay is decent, and there are many different topics to choose from. Watch for anthology call for submissions in genres like fantasy, sci-fi, and mystery. Write Your life. What do you do when you’re not writing? Are you a full-time wife and mother? Stay home dad? What is your â€Å"day† job? Are you qualified in fitness and nutrition, business and finance? Perhaps you make jewelry, or you’re an artist. Maybe you travel for business and/or pleasure. Are you an interior designer/decorator or Feng Shui expert? Write for magazines. There are magazines and blogs out there that pay for articles on any subject from Parenting to Finance Insurance to Stretching your Dollars. There are Fitness Magazines, RV / Travel Magazines and Blogs. About.com pays for articles/blog posts on any number of topics. Write an ebook. What is your passion, your expertise? Are you a Life Coach or Spiritual Mentor? People love self-help/success stories! Writing and publishing an ebook can add to your credentials and client base as well as supplement your income. Here’s an interesting article   Broaden your horizon with speaking engagements. Many authors, (especially nonfiction) can make a lot of cash speaking on their topic of expertise. Here’s a great article at Famous in Your Field on where to find opportunities to do so. Teach writing. Many local colleges/universities teach leisure learning courses. Pitch one and see what happens! Be a mentor or writing coach and work one-on-one with new/aspiring authors. Teach at libraries. Start your own writing service / publishing company. With the influx of self / co-publishing options, book promotion, book cover design, editing and formatting are in high demand. Use your knowledge and expertise in the industry and fill one or more of those needs. George Washington University offers a Master’s Degree in publishing  available both in person and online. Sell/resell your current backlog of articles. There are numerous sites that pay a nominal fee for previously published work. Some pay per view or per click. You’re not going to make a lot of money this way, but hey it all adds up. Check out The Penny Hoarder for lists of such sites. These are just a few ways you can supplement your income with writing. With a little research and creative imagination, I’ve no doubt you can come up with more.

How Age Effects Individuals Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Age Effects Individuals Health - Essay Example Furthermore, it also is not a disease that all elderly people are vulnerable too. Health research studies have shown that older people who regularly engage in an exercise program at least three times a week are less likely to get this disorder than those who have never been interactive in exercise regimens (Consumer Affairs 2006). Also, certain addictions to consumer products such as "tobacco" or even "alcohol" have been shown to make a person age faster than their actual years. For example someone who is 45 years old and who has smoked since they were 13 can show signs of cognitive break down faster than a person who is 55 years of age (Cross Currents 2004). The point is that some addictions are very bad for your health and can bring on serious illnesses before you even get old. Smoking is just one of these addictions and it is known that by engaging in smoking cigarettes or even cigars, the rate of cognitive decline can be five times higher than for those who have never smoked (Cro ss Currents 2004). Some perceive smoking to be one of the main causes of age related illnesses before their time. Studies have found that smoking creates so many adversities for people and their health, defining that by middle age people can have many respiratory ailments that are so severe it makes them appear to be older than what they actually are (Edelson 2006). There is no doubt that the majority of people in society are aware that smoking kills but the problem here is that they believe that it takes longer than what it actually does. Many people think that they won't have any repercussions until they are in their latter fifties or mid-sixties but this simply is not true. Again this shows the idea that people view age as the key window to defining what health problems a person will have, it is totally wrong (Edelson 2006). Nevertheless, there is a good point to this adversity. By quitting smoking, at any time, a person has the ability of increasing their percentage of turning t heir health around. Their age will start to improve in an outwardly way as they continue to include more healthy habits into their lifestyle to replace smoking. The point that is being made is the fact that from a social perspective people have a good amount of control in how they age and how their health is affected. They have the power to prevent or slow the progression of a number of serious or fatal illnesses simply by changing their behavior patterns and also by focusing on what they eat and drink. There are many alternatives to prevent illnesses from occurring as well as many social factors present that encourage or promote diseases (Cross Currents 2004). So this is pointing out that just because you are at 67 years of age or older doesn't necessarily imply that you have to worry about getting the diseases that are labeled for the older generation. Young people aren't invulnerable to them either. There are things that people can do to prevent ever having to worry about illnesses such as dementia, heart disease, osteoporosis, and many other so called "age related" illnesses. In order to validate the point about dementia, one specific st udy that was carried out by a group of

The NPV and the Management in Sales Forecasts Essay

The NPV and the Management in Sales Forecasts - Essay Example Most of the companies while making investment in purchasing of assets consider either purchasing directly or purchasing through lease. Company also focus or consider the point what are the expected benefits associated with both of these methods. Therefore this method gives the company or management an opportunity to crit officially evaluate whether the company has to buy this through a loan or by cash in hand. It is very difficult for the management to take that much cash from the company as its affects its liquidity factor. Therefore this tools helps the management to compare these option and then make a fruitful decision in capital investments or budgeting. In this helps the management to avoid or minimize the potential errors in decision making. Another way in which the NPV factor greatly facilitate to overcome or minimize the potential errors in decision making is Price analysis. Pricing of a product or service is based on many factors like competitor’s pricing, the actual cost incurred in making the final product or services. And price volume relationship. The pricing analysis helps the management to evaluate all these factors while making the best possible decision. And here as well the NPV serves as a best tool to overcome the errors in decision making. NPV gives a clear picture whether the company can earn the potential cash outcomes from the pricing strategy or how it could be improved. Moreover, NPV helps greatly to the management in Advance Analyses of different issues or areas and makes a positive decision in terms of capital budgeting and decision making.

Virtue and Truest Chivalry Essay Example for Free

Virtue and Truest Chivalry Essay Originally Latin, actually spelled â€Å"caballarius and pronounced â€Å"SHiv? lre†, is chivalry. Chivalry is the combination of qualities expected of an ideal knight. Such qualities include honor, courtesy, courage, justice, and willing to assist those in need. If one is chivalrous in character, then one is a gentleman and noble in his good deeds. He would in no manner hesitate to serve others and serve his God. This is evident as Honore de Balzac puts it: â€Å"the motto of chivalry is also the motto of wisdom; to serve all, but love only one. † Chivalry, besides its original usage as â€Å"calvary,† can truly only be delineated in only one way, which is to refer to a virtuous code of conduct. There isn’t any negative connotations to the word either, unless somebody called a fellow thane chivalrous in Old Anglo-Saxon times! Other than that, the only emotional association with the word is generally positive. This noble idea of conduct is constituted of several virtues in spite of the narrow usage of the word. So, how did chivalry come into existence? Journey to the medieval times and you will discover that chivalry was once an existential characteristic of every man sworn into nobility or born into it. These men were knights. Medieval knights battled horseback and practiced outstanding gallantry. Knights were always calvary in battle, and exhibited righteous morals. A group of knights was actually called â€Å"the chivalry† of the militia. They were excelled in sword craft nearly comparable to their high level of graciousness, and could ride a horse well-nigh to the speed of which they are willing to assist a damsel in distress. Chivalry came to be known as the demeanor of an ideal knight, rather than simply a group of knights. As Chaucer puts it in Canterbury Tales, an ideal knight loved chivalry, truth and honor, freedom and courtesy; a very gentle, perfect knight. † Whatever happened to chivalry? Certain writers may say chivalry is dead, or it might just have a bad case of the flu. As long as wrongs are still righted, chivalry will survive. Chivalry cannot and will never die out. It may become exponentially less evident everyday, but underlying all the rudeness and discourtesy, chivalry is there. Chivalry does indeed need to be implemented more and more into society. Every single man’s major desire should be to act magnanimously and reveal a generous and noble state of mind. If every man were to be genuinely chivalrous then hardly would there ever be any cheating, debt, adultery, stealing, or even bad attitudes. Each and every man would be true in their religion, honest, courteous, and would have a burning passion to do what is right. Think of that chivalry based utopian society. A world where people were more worried about humbling themselves rather than raising themselves up would be phenomenal. Modern chivalry should predominate like it did with Sir Lancelot around Queen Guinevere. Contemporary America could learn from John Bowring’s â€Å"Chivalry† poem which reads: â€Å"Now tell me what is chivalry? To battle in the foremost fight For anything—for wrong—for right, For some fair ladys scornful smile, For what is virtuous, what is vile, Come, tell me, is this chivalry? No! in the men for truth who pant, In wretchedness and woe and want, Who bear the worlds contemptuous hate, With patient soul, with heart elate. No! in the woman in whose home No peace is found, no comforts come, Yet bends in silence,—feeling still Tis Gods most kind, most holy will. This—this is truest chivalry! † Chivalry essentially is the essence of all that is good, virtuous, and holy, conglomerated into one admirably cultivated code of conduct to live by.

American Time Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

American Time If I had to point to the one thing that reveals the most about American culture, I would have to say it is our obsession with time. We seem to have this constant fear of â€Å"wasting† time. Our lives are saturated with ways to â€Å"save† time. We see it in our fast food restaurants, ATMs, and even our sayings (â€Å"Time is money†). Why are we like this? What drives us to be eternally searching for ways to speed up our daily routines? Finding these answers means understanding the most basic values of American culture. It is amazing to look at the number of ways that American ingenuity has made almost every aspect of our lives move just a little faster. The most obvious way is our fast food restaurants. With the invention of these we no longer have to wait for a meal. We simply place an order, our food gets pulled out from underneath the heat lamp, and we are on our way. If we’re really in a rush, we can just zip through the drive-through and have our order without ever taking the extra time required to step out of the car and walk into the restaurant. Many drive-through windows even have a little timer on them so you can know just how much time you have saved. Is the food any good? Did you even get the extra sour cream you ordered on that burrito? It doesn’t matter. When was the last time you ate at McDonald’s and thought to yourself, â€Å"Man, this is the best burger I have ever eaten!† Probably never, but I bet you were impressed if you got it extra fast. Banking has also become faster and faster. With the invention of the bank drive-through window and the ATM, we don’t even have to go inside the bank anymore. We just slide in our cards, type in the numbers, and get our money. This is wonderful. I l... ...nother of our cultural values: hard work and productivity. Maybe we need to change this. Perhaps we should learn to value leisure time as well, and stop accusing those who already value leisure time of being lazy. Time for Americans has gotten way out of hand. Of course, it is difficult to change the basic instinct of a culture, but we need to learn to stop obsessing about every minute that we might possibly save or lose. It is entirely too self-destructive—a cultural trait that affects the culture itself in some very negative ways. If it does relate to the â€Å"more factor† then perhaps we should look for something else to find â€Å"more† of. If not, then we should at least learn to be a little less productive and a lot happier in the extra time that we create for ourselves. That should not be too difficult because inventiveness is a part of our culture as well.

A brief analysis of Sir Philip Sidney’s Sonnet Essay

Sir Philip Sidneys Sonnet 7 is from the sonnet sequence Astophel and Stella dating from the sixteenth century. It is a lament by one of the central figures, Astophel, a man who is in love with the other central figure, Stella, who is ultimately unattainable because she is married to another man. In the first few lines of the poem, Astrophil talks about Stellas black eyes and how they beam so bright (ll. 2) and how in beamy black (ll. 3) she radiates beauty. The excerpt chosen begins with Or did she else that sober hue devise,/ In object best to knit and strength our sight, (ll. 5-6) meaning that perhaps her eyes are not only black but she is actually wearing black, and uses this color as an object to help make her more noticeable among other shades and light (ll. 4). The image given here is one of black versus white specifically, beamy black (ll. 3) versus luster shades and light (ll. 4). However, as one would more traditionally see the sparkling shades and light as way of strength[ening] our sight (ll. 6), in this case it is in fact black, that makes her stand out and more noticeable, because she makes it more beautiful than anything else in comparison. In the next two lines Astrophil says, Lest if no veil these brave gleams did disguise,/ They, sun-like, should more dazzle than delight? (ll. 7-8) meaning that if nothing was to cover her black sun-like (ll. 8) eyes it would only further intensify ones confusion rather than just being a source of enjoyment for the onlooker. In the next two lines Astrophil again reiterates how with her miraculous power (ll. 9) she makes black beautys contrary (ll. 10) a source for all beauties [to] flow (ll. 11). Coming to the end of the poem, last three lines suggest that perhaps Stella also has some sort of feelings towards Astrophil, or at least respects the fact that he loves her because it is out of her minding Love (ll. 12) that she wears black her mourning weed (ll. 13) and that she wears it to honour all their deaths who for her bleed (ll. 14) meaning for all of the men who have loved and desired her but could not have her, leaving them emotionally dead. These last lines also help establish not only the ultimate truth that Astrophil and Stella will never in reality be together, but also that the only thing left for Astrophil to do is to desire her and long for her as emotionally otherwise, he is dead and not capable of much else. This theme of men falling in love with the unattainable, or in this case unavailable, woman is quite common in  romantic sonnets. For example, Wyatts Whoso List to Hunt, or even Marlowes The Passionate Shepherd to His Love also describe this longing desire that men have for these women, and ultimately reveals the trials and tribulations they will go through in order to pursue them. ~ The only work consulted during the composition of this essay was the sonnet itself.

John Keats – Ode to a Nightingale Criticism

Keats is in love with a nightingale. He is at a loss of how to feel; happy for witnessing the bird’s ‘high requiem’, or sad for not being part of its world. In the first stanza the poet is having clear symptoms of an extreme sadness. His ‘heart aches’ and a drowsy numbness pains’ his sense. This heavy mood is paradoxically denounced in the same stanza. It’s ‘being too happy’ in the nightingale’s happiness that’s causing the malaise. The stanza comes to an end in a joyful mood as opposed the heavy start of the poem. He imagines the bird’s home as ‘some melodious plot of beechen green’.Through this synaesthesia he creates a vivid picture of one of his classic bowers. The second stanza opens with a plea ‘for a drought of vintage’ through which he can fulfill his plea to ‘fade away’. This stanza evokes a lot of appeal to the sense of taste, ‘tasting of flora and c ounty green’. The theme of nature together with a joyful atmosphere is also evident. ‘Dance, and provencal song, and sunburnt mirth’. From the comfort of the dreamy second stanza, the third plunges the reader into the sad reality and banality of life. ‘The weariness, the fever, and the fret’ are a reality that the nightingale doesn’t know.Here ‘youth grows pale’ and ‘beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes’. This sombre stanza induces a feeling of a disappointing reality. It’s much better to belong to a dream than to this painful truth. This stanza is also a typical example of Keats’s obsession with illness and death. He decides to ‘fly’ to the nightingale’s realm. However he won’t do this through substance he pondered about in the first two stanzas, but through ‘the viewless wings of poesy’. This is a eulogy to poetry and its ability to take the reader to the spiritu al realm of imagination.He joins the nightingale where the trees let no light in except for when the wind moves their branches. The last three lines stress darkness and the gloomy colours of mundane existence. In the fifth stanza he cannot see what ‘soft incense hangs upon the boughs’. This synaesthesia leads the reader to touch the scent. He is enveloped in ‘embalmed darkness’ – where balm is a sweet smelling fragrance – but he can still imagine all that there in its midst. Through the heavenly eyes of imagination he can see the ‘white hawthorn and the pastoral eglantine’.He can see ‘fast fading violets’ and the musk-rose that is full of ‘dewy wine’ to make sure we know that this world being describe is the nightingale’s not the poet’s. He can also hear the ‘murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves’. After experiencing the extreme joy of the nightingale’s song he is findi ng it hard to go back to the harsh reality. He is playing with the tempting idea of an ‘easeful Death’. It would be a happy death, ‘now more than ever it seems rich to die’, ‘in such ecstasy’. But then his thought evolves further and understands that the nightingale would go on singing, and being death he would miss his ‘high requiem’.The switching from reality to fantasy keeps going on. The poet is back in the nightingale’s realm. It seems that the switch occurred also in his mood. From the rather dark mood of the sixth stanza, the seventh stanza introduces us to a rather jubilant Keats. He’s full of praise for the ‘immortal bird’ whose voice transcends from ‘ancient days’. ‘It was heard by emperor and clown’, which perhaps implies that its song is for everyone. It was heard by Ruth, a biblical figure who has a ‘sad heart’ to alleviate her pains. It’s song â €˜charm’d magic ceasments’ of faery which are ‘forlorn’ and the seas which are ‘perilous’.These words hint at the pain described in the first stanza, a pain the poet is trying to escape. This idea of pain introduces us to the next stanza. The same word ‘forlorn’ wakes him up; reminds him of reality. ‘Fancy’ or imagination is seen as a cheater. He awakes from this delusion understanding where he really belongs. This brings him to question if it all was a ‘vision, or a waking dream? ’ This is a reference to the transient and brief nature of imagination, perhaps the poem itself. It was all a momentary euphoria, ‘fled is that music: – do I wake or sleep’, it seems that the vision was too good to be true.

Impact of the Internet on Political Campaigns and Elections essays

Impact of the Internet on Political Campaigns and Elections essays Upon entering the age of information technology, the role and impact of the Internet has become more and more crucial in every presidential election, nowadays online campaigning gradually becomes a phenomenon; it has completely redefined the rules of political campaign. It is common knowledge today that viral videos, podcasts, gifs and online chat forums have ruled the political elite in most recent political campaigns. Technology is now fully in use as a means of seeking for support from undecided voters and also as a means to convince your supporters to further back you up. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief introduction about online campaign and highlight the impact the internet has on political elections from various aspects. Political campaigns used to solely rely on speeches, rallies, and newspapers to reach out and motivate voters, grassroots support before was basically tied down to physical interaction with the politician, the major method used to keep the information flowing is to disburse leaflets and door to door communication, then radio and TV made it possible to reach everyone quickly and simultaneously. Neil Postman has argued in his book that the television commercial has become the most peculiar and pervasive form of communication to issue forth from the electric plug, it has profoundly influenced American habits of thought (Postman, 1985), although the main purpose of his book is to condemn television on the effect of political discourse, he did bring up the fact that television had become the prominent influence of political campaign at the time. Today, the Internets influence in political campaigning has surpassed television in every way possible. It has to a large degree turned the entire information exchange process upside down. In todays world, individuals who share a common set of values are just a few clicks away from finding other individuals both those whom they know and t...

SAT Test Dates 2017-2018

SAT Test Dates 2017-2018 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When trying to plan an SAT study schedule, you must first know when exactly you'll be taking the SAT. In this article, we give you allSAT test dates, deadlines, and score release dates for the 2017-2018 testing year.We also provide you with our top four tips forhelping you choosethe best SAT test date foryour schedule. SAT Test Dates 2017-2018 Beloware allSAT test dates for 2017-18, as confirmedby the College Board.All the registration deadlines and online score release dates have been officially confirmed as well. SAT Test Dates 2017-18 (US) This testing year marks the first time there will be an August test date and no January test date.This August test date isonlyoffered in theUS. Test Date Normal Deadline Late Registration* Online Score Release August 26, 2017 July 28, 2017 August 15, 2017 September 18, 2017 October 7, 2017 September 8, 2017 September 27, 2017 October 26, 2017 November 4, 2017 October 5, 2017 October 25, 2017 November 23, 2017 December 2, 2017 November 2, 2017 November 21, 2017 December 21, 2017 March 10, 2018** February 9, 2018 February 28, 2018 March 29, 2018 May 5, 2018 April 6, 2018 April 25, 2018 May 24, 2018 June 2, 2018 May 3, 2018 May 23, 2018 July 11, 2018 *The late registration deadline is typically one week earlier if you are registering by mail. **Regular SAT only. SAT Test Dates 2017-18 (International) Starting in 2018, theMarch SAT test date will be availableoutside the US; however, this is only for the regular SAT, not the SAT Subject Tests. By contrast, the international November and June test dates will offerSAT Subject Testsonly. Test Date Registration Deadline Online Score Release October 7, 2017 September 8, 2017 October 26, 2017 November 4, 2017* October 5, 2017 November 23, 2017 December 2, 2017 November 2, 2017 December 21, 2017 March 10, 2018** February 9, 2018 March 29, 2018 May 5, 2018 April 6, 2018 May 24, 2018 June 2, 2018* May 3, 2018 July 11, 2018 *SAT Subject Tests only. **Regular SAT only. How to Choose an SAT Test Date: 4 KeyTips Familiarizing yourself with upcoming SAT test dates lets you customize yourstudy plan and choose a date that'll fit well withyour schedule. Here are four tipsto help youselect an ideal SAT test date. #1: Know Your Deadlines The most important thing to remember is to take your SAT early enough so that your scores will arrive before your college application deadlines.The most commonregular decision deadline is January 1,and the most commonearly actiondeadlines are November 1 and 15. The College Board typically sends SAT scores to schools (for your four free score reports)within 10 days after you receive your scores online.Check the Online Score Release columns in the tables above for exact score release dates. That said, some schools can take a week to process SAT scores they've received. As a rule, then, try tostick with SAT test dates that are at least five or six weeks before your application deadlines (seven or eight weeksif you think you'll need to order additional score reports). Below is a handy chart listing common application deadlines and their latest recommended and latest possible SAT test dates.The latest recommended dates are all but guaranteed to get your scores to your schools in time, whereasthe latest possible dates have a much higher risk of delivering your scores after your deadlines. As with anything, weigh your options carefully before making a decision! College App Deadline Latest Recommended SAT Date Latest Possible SAT Date* October 15 August August November 1 August October November 15 October October November 30 October November December 1 October November December 15 November November January 1 November December January 10-15 December December February 1 December December February 15 December December March 1 December December March 15 December December April 1 December March April 15 December March May 1 March March May 15 March March June 1 March May June 15 March May July 1 May June July 15 May June August 1 June June August 15 June June September 1 June June *These dates might get your scores to your schools in time or they might not! So choose wisely. Don't forget about SAT scholarship deadlines, either. If you want to get any scholarships that consider your SAT score, you’ll need to have your test scores sent outbefore your scholarship deadlines. Oftentimes, these deadlines are the same as college application deadlines. #2: Set Aside Time for Retakes Most students improve their scores when they take the SAT again, so you'll want to give yourself an opportunitytotake the test multiple times. Generally, we suggest doing the following: Take your first SAT in the fall of your junior year. Take your second SAT in the spring of your junior year. Take your third SAT in the summer/fall of your senior year (if necessary). If you can't (or didn't) take the SAT in the fall as a junior, don't sweat it- just take it as soon as you can in the spring, ideally in March. This way you'll still have several opportunities to retake the SAT in June, August, and the fall (as a senior). However, try not to choose any back-to-back SAT sessions,especially in the fall of your senior year. SATs are scheduled so closely together that you often won't even receive your scores until the late registration deadline for the following test date has already passed! You also likely won't have enough time to study effectively in-between tests, sospace out your SATs- your weary brain will thank you for it! #3:Come Up With a Solid Study Plan When selecting an SAT test date, you'll want to give yourself enough time to prepare for the exam. We generally advise studying for three to six months.But no matter how long (or how short) your time frame is before test day,you should always knowhowmany hours you must studyin order to hit your goal score. Our estimates for study hours and total point improvements on the SAT are as follows: 0-30 point improvement: 10 hours 30-70 point improvement: 20 hours 70-130 point improvement: 40 hours 130-200 point improvement: 80 hours 200-330 point improvement: 150 hours+ According to these estimates, the more points you want to score on the SAT, the more hours you'll need to dedicate to studying.For help with developing a surefirestudy plan, start with our guide on how to study for the SAT, and then take a look at these sample study plans. As with any test, make sure you're not trying to squeeze in too many study hours every day- wearing yourself down won't help you get a higher score, promise! #4: Note AnyConflicts WithTest Dates Our final tip is to check to see whether you'll have any potential conflicts on or around your desired SAT test date. For example, maybe theMarch test date is during your basketball playoffs, and you’ll be too busy to study. Or perhaps you want to avoid the May test date since you’ll be focusing on preparing for AP tests. Although it can be difficult to carve outtime during which you canfully devote yourself to the SAT, you don't want tooverwhelm yourself with too many tests or other obligations. So grab a calendar, check your schedule, andchoose theSAT test date that works best with your free time. What's Next? Want more info on SAT test dates?Check out our full guide to choosing SAT test dates, and peek ahead with our guides to2018-19 and future SAT test dates. Curious about ACT test dates, too?We offera comprehensive guide to all upcoming ACT test dates as well as an expert review of the best SAT and ACT test dates. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 23

Sociology - Essay Example Among the things I will tackle in my research include the peoples’ sexual attitude, ideology and behaviors, the relationship between sex and marriage for example pre-marital and extramarital sex, child bearing, sexual diversity for instance homosexuality and bisexual relationships, divorce among others (Jeffreys 27). Sexual ratio at birth and the preference or importance attached to children of different gender in the two countries will also be discussed. Population ageing and Age Dependency Ratios is also an important issue when it comes to sexuality. In regard to this concept, the research will look at the impacts of fertility and mortality transitions on the elderly people in both countries and all issues surrounding it. Much emphasis will also be given to the policies that govern sexuality and fertility in these two countries for instance in regard to birth controls and abortion and their consequences. The one- child policy in China is an example. My research will take a form of a critical and synthetic literature review evaluation in regard to the different aspects that are associated with sexuality in both China and the United States of

Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pricing - Essay Example In this method, the values of all the inputs applied when developing the product are summed. The other method is the value based method. This focuses on the values of the product. In this method, the value of the product is the extent of the customer's satisfaction and, therefore, forms the criteria for price setting (Smith 145). Value based method would be appropriate for this case since there is no competition in the market. Mark-up approach and the fixed percentage approach would also do for this same reason that there is no competition in the market. Therefore, balancing out on the application of these methods in price setting would be appropriate. Competition based method would not be relevant in this case since there is no competition in the market. Price skimming strategy will fall as one of my consideration. This is mainly because the product is new and does not have a replica of it in the market. For this reason, the market prices must be higher than what other existing prod ucts cost (Smith 289). The new product is of a higher quality with higher demand due to the additional features; this justifies the reason for giving it a higher price. On the other hand, I must consider how the consumers perceive higher prices and what their take on increased prices could be. The bottom line in this consideration is that high prices can be set initially and well accepted, while it may not be easy to hike prices at a later date. Beginning the sales of a new product at a high price is more advantageous. The quality of the product in this case being high would justify the high prices. The new machine is one of its own; hence, the competitors are kept away already for setting new competition on the product. In this case, I would not apply the market penetration pricing since there is no competition. The fact that this product is unique makes it more appropriate for me to set higher market prices since building demand quickly will not be affected because it is not produ ced by any other competitor. It would also be necessary for me to choose tactics that would go well with both the company and the customers. As such, quantity discount would deem necessary for a higher rate of stock flow to be realized. The timing of such high quantity purchases must be put into consideration before I offer such discounts. Having the mind of the customer at the point of price setting would become necessary for me. This will be in terms of how the customers perceive the product and the feeling they may develop over the new products and the set prices (Smith 68). This psychological aspect in price setting may help in developing a notion of how the customers would react to certain prices. Internal and external reference prices would apply in this case. Odd prices will be considered as the customers would most likely perceive the prices to be low. The number 9 at the end is the trick to be applied in this case when pricing. Zone pricing would apply considering the cost of shipping. The product would cost much more for consumers who are located far away from the manufacturing zone. Bundled purchases would be given a discount on purchases. For those who buy the washing machine and other products within the company get a discount. These are aimed at ensuring a high number of purchases of the company products with the help of having the new product in the market. Long-term and short-term pricing tactics would contrast in this case. The short-term strategies would be mostly responsive to the prevailing conditions

Global Marketing Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Global Marketing Research Assignment - Essay Example It is the reason as to why they have continued to enjoy steady stream of growth and increase in the amount of revenue in their finances. It goes without saying that the company has enjoyed the near monopoly status on the global front (Hà ¤ikià ¶ & Virtanen, 2002).This paper will thus discuss the impact and growth of the Nokia Company as a single source from Finland to the external markets such as South Africa and Chile as prime exporting destinations of the mobile devices. The paper will also focus on the proper exporting mechanisms and techniques that Nokia as a Finnish company would penetrate and enter the Chilean and South African country (Kent, 2007). As much as the marketing team of the Nokia Company has strived to do its best in the recent past, there are other drafts of measures of in terms of global marketing that the company could explore for better growth. It stems from the fact that each and every country has a different market dimension and set up thus care and attention must be allocated to the various countries in a different way (Andersson & Wictor, 2003). In brief, this analysis will discuss the market topography and spectrum of the various countries with the feasible chances of penetration by Nokia, the company. South Africa is one of the most promising countries in the world in the form of a market because of the following outlined issues such as a viable economic environment (Myers, 2002). It is one of the emerging democracies in the African continent which has recorded good prospects of economic viability and growth in the recent as compared with other African nations such as Somalia (Myers, 2002). It is so because the country has one of the most diverse compositions of people with different tastes in electronic gadgets and devices (Clarke, 1996). South Africa in its structure and population has one of the most diverse societal spectrums in

Effective Leadership Essay Example for Free

Effective Leadership Essay The delegative leadership style creates a comfortable and inviting work environment, however, the level of authority and boundaries become blurred when the superior does not assert their authority within the office. An analysis as to how I can transcend my leadership skills within a work environment is discussed. And Leader X is offered recommendations on altering her office from one that is geared by the opinions and views of employees, to one that follows and adheres to the direction of one individual; the superior. Introduction In order for one to be an effective and efficient leader, they must possess a variety of characteristics. An effective leader should have vast knowledge of their professional field, superior emotional intelligence, and strong managerial and administrative skills. Extraordinary leaders are not solely expected to guide subordinates in the workplace. Their strengths also rely upon how well they follow the guidance and recommendations of others. Further analysis into the makings of a great leader will explain the importance of these characteristics and how it gears a successful career. Exemplary Leadership Qualities Emotional intelligence, strong managerial and administrative skills are just a few characteristics of a leader. However a leader must strongly have these qualities in order to an exemplary leader and direct their employees to achieve the goals set forth for their positions. As a Secretary, I am in charge of a vast amount of administrative tasks within my office. This is the area in which my leadership skills are put to the test. At any given moment, I could be given three to four tasks that are all important and must be completed in a small amount of time. Prioritizing these tasks can be fairly difficult but I am trusted with this responsibility. Leader X has a strong influence on me and how I wish to conduct myself in a position of leadership. Leader X oversees twenty attorneys and four legal support staff. She has a warm and inviting personality. She is punctual and educated in law and litigation. She encourages her staff to have a lot of input into the day to day decisions made within the office. In the text, Colquitt (2011) defines leadership as the use of power and influence to direct the actions of followers. In order for one to effectively lead, they must possess influence over others. Leader X has been employed within the legal field for more than twenty five years. Her knowledge and experience is what qualifies her as a Senior Counsel within her agency. She possesses all the characteristics of my definition of an effective leader. She has a delagative leadership style which slightly damages her ability to make decisions. Organizational Behavior Another aspect of leadership is the employment of power. Power is the ability to influence the actions and behaviors of others. Colquitt (2011) states an effective form of influence is organizational power. Organizational power consists of legitimate, reward and coercive power. Legitimate power is the â€Å"formal authority† a leader has over others. Leader X is a Senior Counsel and has the ability to direct all the attorneys within our section. Her legitimate authority lies within her position and her responsibility to her employees. Reward power is the capability to compensate others for their work and accomplishments. This power influences others to behave in a manner that will enable them to receive awards. These awards may consist of promotions, pay raises and/or public recognition. Coercive power is not rewarding in anyway. Coercive power is the ability to control another’s actions through the threat of punishment. Colquitt (2011) refers to this method of influence as being founded on fear. An employee can be coerced to behave a certain way if they fear they could be demoted, terminated or suspended for failure to perform to their superior’s standards. Leader X influences her employees to work hard and take responsibility for their actions. Her power creates an increase of productivity from her employees. Contingencies of Power Leaders can often times be hindered within the level of power they possess. Colquitt (2011) labels these situations as contingency factors. There are four factors of contingency that could affect the level and quality of work produced under someone’s command. The four contingencies are substitutability, discretion, centrality and visibility. Substitutability is the availability of alternate resources. When the Leader is the only one with access to the resources, no one will possess a higher level of influence over the subordinates. Leader X has control of her employees’ performance reviews. So, Leader X majorly holds the power to influence the employees work results and behavior. Discretion is the leader’s ability to make decisions regarding any given situation. References Anderson, Mae. (2011). Estee Lauder 4Q up but Shares Fall on Weak Outlook. Associated Press. ABC News. http://abcnews. go. com/Business/wireStory? id=14306228 2011 August 15. Retrieved 2012 April 22. Colquitt, J. A. , Lepine, J. A. , and Wesson, M. J. (2011). Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Pennington, Sylvia. (2012). Balancing act at the Top. The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www. smh. com. au/executive-style/management/balancing-act-at-the-top-20120424-1xis4. html 2012 April. Retrieved 2012 April 23, 2012. The Staff of the Corporate Executive Board. (2009). The Increasing Call for Work-Life Balance: Work-life balance is now the second most important driver or employee attraction and commitment, says CEB research. Bloomberg Businessweek. http://www. businessweek. com/managing/content/mar2009/ca20090327_734197. htm 2009 March 27[-gt;0]. Retrieved 2012 April 22. [-gt;0] http://www. businessweek. com/managing/content/mar2009/ca20090327_734197. htm

A Tale of Two Cities Essay: The French Revolution and the Legacy :: Tale Two Cities Essays

The French Revolution and the legacy of A Tale of Two Cities It is a commonplace of Dickensian criticism that the writer was influenced by Carlyle's The French Revolution in A Tale of Two Cities. Taking Dickens's comment that he read Carlyle's history "five hundred times" (I. Collins 46) as a starting point, many critics have discussed Carlyle's influence on several aspects of the novel, such as the narrative technique (Friedman 481-5), the imagery associated with the Revolution (I. Collins 52; Baumgarten 166; Lodge 131-2), and the narration of the historical episodes (Lodge 134; Friedman 489). And yet, Dickens's outlook on revolutionary violence differed significantly from that of Carlyle. As Irene Collins points out, Dickens "dislikes the violence of the revolutionaries, both in its popular form (the mob) and in its institutionalised form (the Terror). Unlike Carlyle, he can no longer see justice in the violence" (53). Moreover, it is Dickens's novel, rather than Carlyle's history, which is responsible for the popular ima ge of the French Revolution in England in our century, not least due to the popularity of A Tale of Two Cities on film and television. The most famous adaptation of the novel is the 1935 MGM production, directed by Jack Conway. The film capitalised particularly on scenes depicting the revolutionary mob: the film critic Derek Winnert describes it as "a wildly extravagant production" with "17000 extras in the Paris street scenes" (1009). The novel was again filmed in 1958 by the British director Ralph Thomas. This production again used a "lavish staging" (Winnert 1009). The novel has proved to be a popular source for television adaptations as well: it was adapted in 1980 and 1989, the first being an ATV production directed by Jim Goddard and the latter an Anglo-French production directed by Philippe Monnier. A Tale of Two Cities promoted the image of a stable England by using revolutionary France as a setting to highlight the contrasts between the two countries, although Dickens seemed to believe in the eighteen-fifties that England was heading towards an uprising on the scale of the French Revolution. In the twentieth century, we see the French Revolution used as a 'lavish' setting in film and TV productions of A Tale of Two Cities. In the preface to the novel, Dickens says "It has been one of my hopes to add something to the popular and picturesque means of understanding that terrible time" (xiii). A Tale of Two Cities Essay: The French Revolution and the Legacy :: Tale Two Cities Essays The French Revolution and the legacy of A Tale of Two Cities It is a commonplace of Dickensian criticism that the writer was influenced by Carlyle's The French Revolution in A Tale of Two Cities. Taking Dickens's comment that he read Carlyle's history "five hundred times" (I. Collins 46) as a starting point, many critics have discussed Carlyle's influence on several aspects of the novel, such as the narrative technique (Friedman 481-5), the imagery associated with the Revolution (I. Collins 52; Baumgarten 166; Lodge 131-2), and the narration of the historical episodes (Lodge 134; Friedman 489). And yet, Dickens's outlook on revolutionary violence differed significantly from that of Carlyle. As Irene Collins points out, Dickens "dislikes the violence of the revolutionaries, both in its popular form (the mob) and in its institutionalised form (the Terror). Unlike Carlyle, he can no longer see justice in the violence" (53). Moreover, it is Dickens's novel, rather than Carlyle's history, which is responsible for the popular ima ge of the French Revolution in England in our century, not least due to the popularity of A Tale of Two Cities on film and television. The most famous adaptation of the novel is the 1935 MGM production, directed by Jack Conway. The film capitalised particularly on scenes depicting the revolutionary mob: the film critic Derek Winnert describes it as "a wildly extravagant production" with "17000 extras in the Paris street scenes" (1009). The novel was again filmed in 1958 by the British director Ralph Thomas. This production again used a "lavish staging" (Winnert 1009). The novel has proved to be a popular source for television adaptations as well: it was adapted in 1980 and 1989, the first being an ATV production directed by Jim Goddard and the latter an Anglo-French production directed by Philippe Monnier. A Tale of Two Cities promoted the image of a stable England by using revolutionary France as a setting to highlight the contrasts between the two countries, although Dickens seemed to believe in the eighteen-fifties that England was heading towards an uprising on the scale of the French Revolution. In the twentieth century, we see the French Revolution used as a 'lavish' setting in film and TV productions of A Tale of Two Cities. In the preface to the novel, Dickens says "It has been one of my hopes to add something to the popular and picturesque means of understanding that terrible time" (xiii).

Sultry Days by Shobha de

SULTRY DAYS : A Tale of Struggle and Freedom Sultry Days is the fifth novel written by Shobha De published in the year 1994. With Sultry Days Shobha De has explored a different approach in her characters which had not been seen in her previous novels. Shobha writes in the front page of this novel; ‘For my children†¦ finally a book by me that they can read. ‘ L. Sonia Ningthoujam writes; ‘Sultry Days, takes us into the world of power, sex and guns, the shady side of Mumbai upper class society. [1] In this novel Shobha has realistically presented the lives of youth, their aspirations their attitudes, she mentions in her autobiography; ‘ The novel is littered with types from that mixed-up decade-the self-styled bohemians out to change the world but not their smelly underwear; the dirty old men of Mumbai, all gas and small turds; the corporate ladies with their ‘good life' hangs-ups; the intellectuals, pariahs and parasites who feed off the rich while s pitting on their ‘capitalist values'. It was a fun book to do.And for those of us who grew up in that era in Mumbai, there were a lot of familiar echoes and reference points that provided loads of amusement during the recounting. I consider ‘God' one of my better-etched characters†¦ I can only regret he wasn't for real. ‘ [2] Shobha De dazzles the reader with her frank and candid tales of the lives of males and females who are trying to carve a successful career in the field of literature and journalism in the city of Mumbai. Because of her own journalistic stint in Mumbai Shobha's Sultry Days emerges as a very realistic novel.Shobha says, ‘I rather liked doing this book with its simple tale of doomed love, simply because it took me back to my college days and to the edges of the pseudo-arty intellectual world I flirted with briefly before beating a hasty retreat. ‘ [3] The protagonist in this novel is also a female like other novels of Shobha De, but unlike her other novels Sultry Days also revolves around a male character. Nisha, the protagonist of the novel is a strong headed and career oriented female although the novel also deals very realistically with a male character who also becomes the central character as the novel unfolds.God or Deb is the central male character and Nisha is the narrator. It is through Deb that Nisha discovers herself. Nisha is a young college student who is sharp and focused towards studies, she comes from an upper middle class family. Nisha's parents do not have a very loving relationship. She always feels tense that father has no time for her mother and neglects his daughter. Nisha is a shy girl and she always hated the frown birthmark on her forehead which made her look tensed all the time. ‘ Was it my expression? Did I look troubled? In pain? Depressed? Maybe it was that birthmark of mine.It had to be that. I was born with worry lines between my brows. ‘ [4]——  page 2 Nisha thought that she may appear to Deb as a, ‘A prissy little good girl who carried far too may books around. Pretty enough, I suppose. But not special. ‘ [5]— page 2 From the beginning we become aware of Nisha's attraction for Deb who is also referred to as God by most of his college friends. Deb is the son of a communist and is also a communist himself, he often gets arrested while taking out Morchas. Nisha gets attracted to Deb because of his unusual personality.His appearance is shabby, wears days' old stubble, always scratches his ‘matted locks which were full of lice-nests,' smokes ‘beedies,' is a man of loose morals, ‘has had several girls by the time he reached college'. His attitude towards girls is also to – ‘use them and leave them. ‘ ‘ I learnt very quickly that I had to bury whatever little ego and pride I had if I wished to hang around God. His attitude towards girls was simple-use them and leave them†¦ As for me, I was plain moonstruck. And for once in my life I wasn't going to lose out by default. ‘ [6]— page 5Despite his shabby appearance, ‘God's hands and fingernails were surprisingly, neat and clean. ‘ He knows many languages such as German, French and Spanish. He had already read Chaucer and Karl Marx before leaving school. Deb fails to tolerate exploitation and hence revolts against injustice, tyranny and frivolities. In the beginning of the novel Deb asserts the importance of decent means and told Nisha that he was not interested in money as it is only ‘means to an end. ‘ Nisha is very impressed with his manners. Nisha is truly in love with Deb and tries hard to work their relationship.Deb however, is not very emotionally attached to Nisha or at least he pretends so. He mainly lives off Nisha's money. Nisha tells; ‘I loved buying things for God. It gave me a sense of belonging. Gifts were a bond-perhaps the only one. Gi fts-which he took entirely for granted. ‘ [7]— page 13 Nisha's parents disapproved of God as they felt that God is using their daughter for his own profit. But Nisha is totally smitten by Deb and tells them, ‘I'd like Deb to ruin my life. I want him to ruin it. I don't care if he wrecks it. I love him. [8]——– page 14 Nisha is very possessive about her mother and when Deb passes some nasty comments on her mother, Nisha screams at him in a fit of anger, ‘Oh, shut up! How dare you? ‘ I screamed, ‘You and your filthy mind. What would you know about the needs of ladies-you who have no background, no class, you filthy bastard. ‘ [9]– page 17 Nisha's father is a typical hypocrite husband. At home he had set rules for his wife and daughter to follow. He expected his wife to be dolled up in office parties according to his tastes. His wife had no choice.Nisha tells, ‘ My father's ideas of a well-dressed wife were pre tty fixed-she had to be draped in pastel-coloured chiffon worn with a sleeveless blouse†¦ Make-up, especially lipstick, was of vital importance since he firmly believed it was a sign of sophistication and no stylish woman should ever be seen without it. ‘ [10]— page 19 He expected his wife to look after the house and accompany him for occasional parties. She was never encouraged to do something worthwhile outside home. When Nisha's mother told her friends that she had no time for her personal interests her friend tells her; ‘That is your problem.But if I were in your place, I would just tell him that if he'd wanted to marry an ayah, he shouldn't have married you. We bring a lot of status to our husband and they should realize it. ‘ [11]—-page 24 Nisha's father did not approve of women going out of home for work. When Nisha's mother got an offer for work from her friend Pratimaben her husband denied it straightaway by saying; ‘In our company wives do not work†¦. They stay at home and organize dinner parties' [12]— page 147 For a large number of years after their marriage Nisha's mother use to give up without a fight with her husband.But when the artificial behavior of her husband started taking toll on her senses she told her husband in a fit of anger; ‘I have had enough of your bullying and hypocrisy. I have kept quiet for far too long. Go to hell with your corporate nonsense†¦. Why should you I? Why should I bother about you either? You can also go to hell with your pompous talk and empty boasts. I am sick, do you hear, sick of living this false life†¦ Well-it's my turn now. And you can listen to me for a change. I will go along with Pratimaben with anything I choose to do. She is my friend.She encourages me. She appreciates me†¦ Whether you like it or not, henceforth I will make the decisions about my life. And the first thing is that I'm taking a job. ‘ [13]——â⠂¬â€œ page 148 Shobha De satirizes the hypocritical couples who have extramarital relations and yet pretend to be faithful to each other. Deb broke the news to Nisha that her father is having an affair with a Sindhi woman. Even Nisha's mother confirms that her father has broken all ties with her. Inspite of their differences Nisha's parents throw an anniversary party for their friends.Nisha was tensed seeing all this and admits; ‘As for me, I was drwn into my mother's sad world, full of self-pity and doubt. I didn't know what to make of the bomb she ad dropped. My father continued to be ‘normal' and pretended nothing had happened. ‘ [14]——page 62 In this novel Shobha De throws light on the hollow life of film and modeling world. Deb gets no pocket money from his father, he does free lance reporting as well as proof-reading. After college Nisha joined an ad agency and she became a little busy in her life. Whenever she had time she met God and enjoyed h is company.As God became conscious of his creative powers, he started writing poems. Nisha felt delighted seeing God moving in the league of contemporary poets. God is also very proud of his poetic sensibilities. God started attending workshops in which amateur poets gathered and showcased their work. Shobha De gives a very realistic picture of this strata of upcoming talent. She refers to such workshops as; ‘The sessions were conducted I dingy halls where the organizers didn't have to pay any rent. Everybody sat around on uncomfortable folding chairs or on the floor†¦Others who were present regularly were a fairly motley lot of struggling writers, a Grande Dame of Verse, frustrated copy-writers and self-styled critics. ‘[15] – page 26 Nisha never felt at ease in the meetings of Anglo Indian Poets Association. There were some aspiring women members also in the group. Women like Chandni, Sujata, Pramila etc wanted to get name and fame in the field of journalis m. These women wanted to get away from the clutches of domesticity and wanted to breathe in the fresh air. One such character is that of Sujata. Sujata was also a member of God's poetry recitation group.She represents modern women who fulfills all her homely duties and also doesn't forget her own interests. Shobha writes; ‘All of them-her timid husband and four daughters, doted on her. However, she had made it plain that she had gone beyond them and that she'd stopped playing wife and mother long ago. ‘ After fulfilling her duties as a wife and mother, Sujata decided to live her life on her own terms. She told her family ; ‘ My duties are over. They are on their own now,' she would explain. ‘I have played the roles I was expected to at the appropriate times. Now†¦I'm on my own. And they are on their own. This is my life. I want to live it my way. ‘ [16]—- Page 31 God appreciated Sujata's behaviour, he tells Nisha; ‘What's wrong with h er behaviour? She is beautiful, man, just beautiful. She follows her instincts. She makes her own rules. She's not a coward. She cares two hoots for the so-called â€Å"society†. I admire her guts, yaar. ‘ [17]—page 31 Ultimately, God joined Plume magazine as sub-editor and felt delighted. The basic aim of Plume was to encourage young poets.Shobha de has very realistically portrayed women's protest against the prevalent system which limits the scope of a woman's life to mere day to day household chores. In this novel women like Sujata and Pratimaben do not accept their traditional roles in marriage. They detest being limited to the domestic chores. Extremely conscious of their changed role in family, they proclaim loudly, ‘We are not only housekeepers after all, ‘We are not mere housekeepers, after all. ‘ [18]—page 24 Some women are career conscious to the extent that they do not think in terms of a settled family.Manju, Vimla are the pro fessionals in marketing field and are career oriented females. They represent the ‘new age' females writes Shobha De; ‘ These were the no-nonsense women who had ‘take me seriously' written all over them†¦.. They took their jobs with an earnestness that was almost terrifying in its intensity. Even the married ones insisted on being addressed as ‘Ms' or stuck to their maiden names. Their male colleagues were not permitted to crack jokes or flirt lightly. ‘ She writes further, â€Å"Workaholism for women had become very fashionable. If men can pursue careers ruthlessly, so can we, women declared at seminars and workshops for senior managers†¦.. ‘ Postpone babies or ask your husband to share house work. ‘† [19]———–page 119 These characters in Sultry Days have an altogether different outlook towards family and social life. In this context, De's feminist concerns in her fiction come close to the ideas e xpressed by Veena Noble Dass, ‘Literature should show women in activities that are not traditionally ‘feminine' to speed the dissolution of rigid sex roles.It is not enough, however to simply place a female character in a new occupation, with no corresponding change in her personality and behaviour. ‘ [20] The modern woman aspire to exercise power and control the situation. Feroze and Kiki also fall in the category of the New Woman of the new era. Regarding Feroze Shobha De remarks; ‘Feroze was on her own in more ways than one. Enterprising manipulative and full of strange kind of charm, she got around to places most people only dreamt of†¦Feroze became a familiar and popular figure in filmdom in an incredibly short period†¦ She drove her own car-she smoked foreign cigarettes. She traveled by planes. ‘ [21]——page 150 Nisha met Anil Bhandari, a young marketing guy who'd just set up a hot-shop of his own after coming back from a l ong stint in America with one of the best marketing agencies. Anil was in his early thirties and mockingly referred to himself as a ‘first generation yuppie'. [22] —page 76 He was a fine example of a modern educated young man with refined international tastes.He smelt of Aramisor Drakkar and used Studio Line gel in his hair, wore Warren Beatty glasses. Soon Anil was going around with a supermodel model Shona. Shona and Anil perfectly complemented each other. Once they were engaged Anil emerged as a typical male from a hypocrite society. He told Nisha; ‘ In fact, I'm going to ask Shona to give up modelling once we're married. She won't need the money anyway. ‘ Nisha asked him; ‘Maybe there's more than money in it for her. Maybe she loves her career. She is right at the top now. Have you discussed it with her? ‘ ‘Not yet. I'm sure she'll agree. She's such an innocent docile girl. ‘ Anil said. What will she do with her time? ‘ Nish a asked him. Anil replied and asked Nisha; ‘What does any housewife do? There's so much to do around the house. ‘ [23] — page 109 As the novel progresses we see visible change in God's attitude. From a small time poem writer and proofreader Deb starts working for an art magazine Plume. Having tasted power and money during his association with Plume, God's sole interest is to acquire money and power. Although Nisha does not approve of God's new way of life. She explains her utter repulsiveness to God's new style of living which had begun sowing the seeds of discord and estrangement between them.She says; ‘No I didn't like what was happening to God at all. We were beginning to see less and less of each other now that he didn't need to touch me for cash that often†¦ God was behaving like a mortal, like all the other journalists in the town, a bum who shamelessly sold his pieces for a fews pegs of scotch and a five-star evening' [24] – page 100 Nisha always looked for a loyal partner in Deb which Deb ceased to be, not because of his alliance with other women but because of their varied interests. Deb and Nisha's relationship turned cold after the former starts caring less and less for his self-respect.He turned out to be a typical man from a male dominated society. Deb has moved to his own place and required somebody to cook for him and look after his house. Nisha suggested him to get a maid. Deb very casually told her; ‘These maids-shaids are a hassle, yaar. I need my own woman. If you want, I don't mind a shaadi-waadi-I know that will make you feel better. Theek hai-we can be burgeois and go through with that marriage rubbish. You can cook, can't you?†¦ Can you fry puris without burning your fingers? Can you make rice that isn't sticky?†¦ Better to get all this straight from the start, hai na?No lafda later on†¦ Give me my daal-roti, a warm bed, twice-a-week maalish and a daily screw. That's all I expect. ‘ Nisha was too stunned to respond to what she heard; ‘One part of me was laughing. The other, feeling sorry for this man. He was obviously deranged-or the world's biggest egotist. He actually expected me to jump at this offer. He looked so comic. So vulnerable, standing in the lobby, trying to look nonchalant and heroic. ‘ [25]—- page 160 God's sole interest in life was reduced to acquire money and power. Contrary to his attitude Nisha wants everything in life through sheer labor.Nisha had never expected this change in God and she failed to convince him as to he did not need to work for a political broker, he needed to trust the power of his pen, but all her efforts went in vain. As ill luck would have it, Deb became proud of his power and joins Yashwantbhai, a don. God's new life style began to sow seeds of discord and estrangement between them. Nisha realizes that God was no longer the same person she had fallen in love with. Nisha tried her best to refr ain Deb from associating with a criminal like Yashwantbhai but Deb had gone too far to come back.Nisha started exposing Yashwantbhai and his underworld connections in her write-ups. Nisha's bold action is supported by her mother and also by a social activist Pratimaben who unravels and brings to public notice Yashwantbahi's atrocities on his former mistress, Pramila. Pramila is a fine example of a new age woman. Pramila is a Nagpur woman, her husband is in a well paid job, they have three children. Pramila is a talented poetry writer and to pursue her career in writing she leaves her family and moves to Mumbai. She shots to fame as soon as her poems are published in English.She administers a shock to her husband when she divorces him and leaves the house along with her two daughters. She eventually meets Yashwantbhai and becomes her mistress. She becomes avictim of his lust. She becomes pregnant with his child, Yashwantbhai forces her to get a sex check done for the unborn baby as h e did not want a girl child. Knowing that the child is a girl Yashwantbhai abuses her and then it is God who helps her in going underground. Nisha, her mother, Pratimaben with Pramila's help expose Yashwant bhai.Ultimately, Deb has to pay for his association with Yashwant bhai, he is shot by Yashwantbhai's goons and God collapses after struggling for a couple of days in hospital. When Dev is shot and admitted in the hospital, Nisha analyzes the life of ignorant and uneducated women of Bombay who never think of higher issues of life such as- What are the fundamental rights of a citizen? What is the interpretation of women liberation movement? What is secularism? Will women be free from the drudgery of the kitchen? What is the meaning of democratic socialism? Is socialism going to help women in any way?What is the importance of L. I. C in the life of a family? Nisha thinks very realistically that these ignorant and simple-hearted women are not shot dead as they don't raise their voice against the underworld Dons. No threats are given to them as they don't interfere with the working of politicians. But the women in Shobha De's novels are strong and confident. These women know what they want from life and how to achieve it. Nisha's mother followed her husband's instructions through out her life but finally she raised her voice against his hypocrite nature and emerged a winner.Women in Sultry Days assert their free and autonomous existence, they struggle and fight against the established social order that threatens their existence. Bhaskar A Shukla observes; ‘It may be partly on account of her experience as a journalist that she is able to tell things interestingly and with a courage of conviction in a language uniquely her own. ‘ [26] Women in Sultry Days represent a modern, self-sufficient and financial independent woman. These women do not expect their male partners to provide them financial security.In fact, it is Nisha grants monetary favors to her boyfriend Deb for a long time. Sujata, Pramila, Pratimaben are women who do not wish to be enclosed in their homes, they wish to be free from the clutches of male dominated society. They show the courage to leave their houses and pursue their dreams and make a mark of their own. Binod Mishra remarks; ‘In De's novels women's desperate struggle for existence unfolds in their unconventional behaviour, their sexual escapades and their dream for a life free from male domination. ‘ [27] BIBLIOGRAPHY Sonia Ningthoujam, Image of the New Woman in the Novels of Shobha De. 2Shobha De, Selective Memory:Stories From My Life, page 336 3Shobha De, Selective Memory:Stories From My Life, page 336 4Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 2 5Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 2 6Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 5 7Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 13 8Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 14 9Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 17 10Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 19 11Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 24 12Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 1 47 13Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 148 14Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 62 5Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 26 16Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 31 17Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 31 18Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 24 19Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 119 20Veena Noble Dass, ed. , â€Å"Feminism and Literature†, Feminism and Literature (Delhi : Prestige Books, 1995), page 10 21 Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 150 22 Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 76 23 Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 109 24 Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 100 25 Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 160 26Bhaskar A Shukla, Shobha de : The Writer and Feminism, page 114 27 Binod Mishra, Critical Responses to Feminism